Rays Systems

DDR2 SDRAM By early 2003, the original DDR-SDRAM technology was fast approaching its limits. As AMD and Intel transitioned to higher FSB speeds, DDR-SDRAM has been hard pressed to keep pace. Mainstream DDR-SDRAM tops out at PC3200. Dual-channel DDR chipsets (which combine the bandwidth of paired memory modules) using PC3200 memory limit peak bandwidth to 6,400 MB/s. That matches the bandwidth requirements of a processor with a 64-bit (8-byte) wide memory channel operating with an 800 MHz FSB, such as mainstream Pentium 4 models, but as new processors are introduced, even dual-channel DDR-SDRAM will be unable to keep up with increases in processor bandwidth. The long-term solution is DDR2 SDRAM . DDR2 incorporates a series of evolutionary improvements on standard DDR technology, including increased bandwidth, lower voltage (1.8V versus the 2.5V of DDR), lower power consumption, and improved packaging. Just as DDR-SDRAM doubled bandwidth over SDR-SDRAM when running at the ...

Replacing a Motherboard The exact steps required to replace a motherboard depend on the specifics of the motherboard and case, the peripheral components to be connected, and so on. In general terms, the process is quite simple, if time-consuming: Disconnect all cables and remove all expansion cards from the current motherboard. Remove the screws that secure the old motherboard and remove the motherboard. If you are reusing the CPU and/or memory, remove them from the old motherboard and install them on the new one. Replace the old back-panel I/O template with the template supplied with the new motherboard. Remove and install motherboard mounting posts as necessary to match the mounting holes on the new motherboard. Install the new motherboard and secure it with screws in all mounting hole positions. Reinstall all of the expansion cards and reconnect the cables. The devil is in the details. In the rest of this section, we'll illustrate the process of install...

DRAWING TOOLBAR Using the tools on the Microsoft Excel toolbars, you can draw graphic objects on worksheets and macro sheets. You can also import graphics, as pictures, from other applications to enhance the appearance of your worksheets and macro sheets. With the tools on the Drawing toolbar, you can draw lines, arcs, and transparent or filled ovals, rectangles, and polygons. Once you have added a graphic object, you can change its position, shape, or size; group it with other graphic objects; make copies of it; and format its color, border, or pattern. To display the Patterns dialog box so you can change formatting, double-click an object. You can also select an object and choose Patterns from the Format menu. To move a drawn object to another location on the worksheet or macro sheet, drag the object. To resize a drawn object, select the object, point to one of the handles, and drag until it is the size you want. Line tool Draws a straight line. Arrow Tool Creates an arrow on an acti...

ANALYZING DATA IN EXCEL Your users might not know that they can use Excel to analyze data from the various databases in your organization. They can use the powerful analytical tools of Excel on data they previously only viewed or edited within the database user interface. Using these features, they can pull data from your customer database, sales tracking database, product catalog, and HR systems into various sheets in a workbook and perform complex PivotTable analysis not possible using the separate applications. This ability is provided by the use of Microsoft Query, an Office application that lives "behind" Excel. You can access Microsoft Query by clicking Data | Get External Data. You'll find three options: Run Web Query, Run Database Query, or Create New Query. The Query interface is very similar to the Design view of a query in Access. Point Query at a database, and it will allow you to build complex relational queries to get the data you need. Running the query wil...

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MS Word Tips For Office Automation Select the page orientation Procedure On the File menu, click Page Setup. Click the Paper Size tab. Under Orientation, click Portrait or Landscape. TIP To change the page orientation for part of a document, select the pages and then change the orientation as usual. In the Apply to box, click Selected Text. Word automatically inserts section breaks before and after the pages with the new orientation. If your document is already divided into sections, you can click in a section or select multiple sections, and then change the orientation. Change the page margins Switch to page layout view or print preview. To change the left or right page margin, point to a margin boundary on the horizontal ruler. When the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the margin boundary. To change the top or bottom page margin, point to a margin boundary on the vertical ruler. When the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the margin boundary. TIPS To specify...

N O K I A M O B I L E TIPS & TRICKS *3001#12345# (TDMA phones only) *3370# Activate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) - Your phone uses the best sound quality but talk time is reduced my approx. 5% #3370# Deactivate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) OR *3370# *#4720# Activate Half Rate Codec - Your phone uses a lower quality sound but you should gain approx 30% more Talk Time. *#4720# Deactivate Half Rate Codec. *#0000# Displays your phones software version, 1st Line : Software Version, 2nd Line : Software Release Date, 3rd Line : Compression Type. *#9999# Phones softw are version if *#0000# does not work. *#06# For checking the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI Number). IMEI number: * # 0 6 # Software version: * # 0 0 0 0 # or * # 9 9 9 9 # or * # 3 1 1 0 # Simlock info: * # 9 2 7 0 2 6 8 9 # *#06# This will show your warranty details *#92702689# *3370# Basically increases the quality of calling sound, but decreases battery length. #3370# Deactivates the above *#0000# ...