Rays Systems

HP Desktop Dual Core Branded Malaysia

2011-12-21T00:13:00.006+05:00

Special Promotion for Malaysian Peoples

HP Desktop DC-5800 HP Desktop Dual Core 2.0 Ghz
Ram 1GB
Hdd 80GB
DVD Writer
Keyboard
Mouse
Power Cables
Windows 7, MS Office, Antivirus Every thing.

Best Price for Full Package Only RM360

Contact 0143250919
Email imrance@gmail.com Muhammad Imran
2nd Floor, Lowyat Plaza, KL, Malaysia

LCD Monitor Lenovo/IBM

ThinkVision L1952p

Promotion price Rm 269

Lenovo Monitor ThinkVision L1952p
Resolution of 1440x900 2448MB6

Brightness: 250 cd/m2
Contrast ratio: 1000:1

VGA, DVI-D, DisplayPort connections

Kensington Lock slot support for security
Original Power Code
Box Pack 1 year Warranty
Our Price is 295Rm Only
Online Market Price 600+

Contact 0143250919
Email imrance@gmail.com Muhammad Imran
2nd Floor, Lowyat Plaza, KL, Malaysia

Mac Book Pro 15 Inch Cheapest Price

2011-12-04T21:35:00.003+05:00

Mac Book Pro New Box Pack

15-inch: 2.4 GHz
2.4GHz quad-core
Intel Core i7
4GB 1333MHz
750GB 5400-rpm1
Intel HD Graphics 3000
AMD Radeon HD 6770M with 1GB GDDR5
Built-in battery (7 hours)

Cheapest Price of Mac Book
Rm 6390 Malaysia
Contact 0143250919
Email imrance@gmail.com

Toshiba Qosmio X7753D Gaming Laptop for Sale

2011-12-04T21:09:00.004+05:00

Toshiba Qosmio X7753D Gaming Laptop

For Sale *New Box Pack* Very Best Offer

Best Offer 3999 Rm Malaysia

Qosmio X775-3DV78 Laptop Specifications

Performance

Processor*: Intel® Core™ i7-2630QM processor
Operating System*: Genuine Windows 7 Home Premium (64-bit)*
Graphics Engine*: NVIDIA® GeForce® GTX 560M (3D vision)*
Graphics Memory*: 1.5GB GDDR5 discrete graphics memory

Memory and Storage

Memory*: 8GB DDR3 1333MHz memory
Hard Drive*: 1.25TB: 500GB (7200rpm, Hybrid 4GB Serial ATA) + 750GB (5400rpm, Serial ATA)
Optical Drive*: Blu-ray Disc™ Rewriteable (RE) and DVD SuperMulti drive with Labelflash®*

Audio and Video

Display Size: 17.3" widescreen
Display Type*: FHD TruBrite® TFT LED Backlit Display (3D ready, 120Hz)*
Display Resolution: Supports 1080p content*, 1920x1080, 16:9 aspect ratio
3D Package: NVIDIA® 3D VISION™ Kit (glasses, USB 2.0 type A to 5-pin mini-B cable)
Note: 3D Vision IR emitter embedded in display bezel
Audio: Headphone jack (stereo), harman/kardon® stereo speakers, Microphone input port with Sleep and Music, Built-in microphone

Communication

Webcam: Webcam with Face Tracking Technology
Wireless LAN*: Wi-Fi® Wireless networking (802.11b/g/n)
Bluetooth: Bluetooth® V3.0 + HS
Modem*: No Modem port
LAN: 10/100/1000 Ethernet LAN

Power

AC Adapter: 180W (19V x 9.5A) Auto-sensing,100-240V AC Adapter
Battery: Li-Ion (47Wh, 8-Cell)
Battery Life*: Up to 2.5 hours

Expansion

PC Express Slot: No PC Express Slot
SmartCard Reader: No SmartCard Reader slot
Media: Memory Card Reader
USB Ports*: 3-USB (2.0), 1-USB (3.0) port with USB Sleep and Charge*
HDMI: HDMI-CEC (Regza Link™)

Software, Support and Security

Security and Protection: HDD Recovery, Multiple-Level Password Utilities, Password Security, TOSHIBA Supervisor Password Utility, Security Cable Lock Slot
Software*: Microsoft® Office Starter 2010 (Reduced functionality Word® and Excel® with advertising)*, TOSHIBA Hard Drive Impact Sensor (3D sensor)*, TOSHIBA Face Recognition*, Toshiba Online Backup (30-day trial subscription), TOSHIBA Blu-Ray™ Player, TOSHIBA Resolution+® Upconvert Plug-in for Media Player, WildTangent® Game Console, TOSHIBA HDD Protection, TOSHIBA App Place, Microsoft® Silverlight™, TOSHIBA Bulletin Board™, TOSHIBA Service Station, Norton Internet Security™ 2011 (30-day trial), TOSHIBA Recovery Disk Creator, TOSHIBA Web Camera Application, TOSHIBA HDD/SSD Alert, TOSHIBA BookPlace™, TOSHIBA Media Controller, TOSHIBA PC Health Monitor, TOSHIBA Disc Creator, Waves MaxxAudio® 3, Microsoft® Windows Live Essentials including Photo Gallery, Messenger, Mail, Writer and Movie Maker, Microsoft® Windows Media Player 12, Hard disc (HDD) recovery, TOSHIBA ReelTime™, TOSHIBA eco Utility™, Google® Chrome
Standards: EPEAT™ Gold, RoHS Compliant*, Energy Star Qualified
Standard Limited Warranty*: 1-Yr Parts and Labor, 1-Year Battery

Physical Description

Inputs and Controls: CD/DVD Buttons (Play/Pause, Stop, Prev Track, Next Track), Volume Control (Up & Down), Touch pad pointing device with multi touch control, Mute button, Media button, TOSHIBA eco utility™ (Energy-saving mode), Premium Raised Tile LED backlit Keyboard with 10-Keypad (black)
Weight*: Starting at 7.5lbs.
Color: Fusion® X2 Finish in Red Horizon

Libya & QADDAFI FACTS THAT CANT BE DENIED

2011-10-22T10:17:00.007+05:00

I know Every Body, Every Pakistani Wish If They Had Control on Pakistan Atomic Bumb & Missiles, Ghori I, II Hataf, All.

Libya & QADDAFI ...FACTS THAT CANT BE DENIED

1. There is no electricity bill in Libya; electricity is free
for all its citizens.

2. There is no interest on loans, banks in Libya are
state-owned and loans given
to all its citizens at 0% interest by law.

3. Home considered a human right in Libya –
Gaddafi vowed that his parents
would not get a house until everyone in Libya had a
home. Gaddafi’s father has
died while him, his wife and his mother are still living
in a tent.

4. All newlyweds in Libya receive $60,000 Dinar (US$
50,000 ) by the government
to buy their first apartment so to help start up the
family.

5. Education and medical treatments are free in
Libya. Before Gaddafi only 25%
of Libyans are literate. Today the figure is 83%.

6. Should Libyans want to take up farming career,
they would receive farming
land, a farming house, equipments, seeds and
livestock to kick- start their farms
– all for free.

7. If Libyans cannot find the education or medical
facilities they need in Libya,
the government funds them to go abroad for it –
not only free but they get US
$2, 300/mth accommodation and car allowance.

8. In Libyan, if a Libyan buys a car, the government
subsidized 50% of the price.

9. The price of petrol in Libya is $0. 14 per liter.

10. Libya has no external debt and its reserves
amount to $150 billion – now
frozen globally.

11. If a Libyan is unable to get employment after
graduation the state would
pay the average salary of the profession as if he or
she is employed until
employment is found.

12. A portion of Libyan oil sale is, credited directly to
the bank accounts of all
Libyan citizens.

13. A mother who gave birth to a child receive US
$5 ,000

14. 40 loaves of bread in Libya costs $ 0.15

15. 25% of Libyans have a university degree

16. Gaddafi carried out the world’s largest irrigation
project, known as the Great
Man-Made River project, to make water readily
available throughout the desert
country.
American Friend Ship
Result After American Friend Ship

I know Every Body, Every Pakistani Wish If They Had Control on Pakistan Atomic Bumb & Missiles, Ghori I, II Hataf, All.

All Missiles and Atom Bomb will Drop on American and NATO Terrorist

Naturally Allah Name Written on Bread Miracle

2011-06-15T14:27:00.001+05:00

Naturally Allah Name Written on Bread, Today Morning my Wife make Roti (Bread) and see the Miracle, Subhan Allah

24kg motton eating in 3 hours Faisalabad Pakistan

2011-06-14T20:40:00.001+05:00

Islamic Dua Sighting Moon Aftar Dua

2011-06-14T18:18:00.001+05:00

Darood Sharif ka Tohfa Islamic Darood

2011-06-14T18:13:00.001+05:00

Osama is Alive American Fake Operation in Abbotabad

2011-06-13T14:32:00.002+05:00

Photo Evidence by American Forces is FAKE Operation in Abbotabad

Osama Bin Laden is ALIVE see Proof

2011-06-13T14:09:00.000+05:00

Osama Bin Laden is Alive with Proof

Who is the maker of Taliban

2011-06-02T17:18:00.000+05:00

Who is the maker of Taliban

America is the maker of Taliban from the start and still he is making Taliban. In Start he support Taliban and Usama Bin Laden against Russia. When he get the result and break the Russian federation.

When American fulfill his desires then he don’t need any more Taliban support. He Attack on Afghanastan. In this attack million of Muslims where killed by American forces and the result is same he make more Taliban and Antiamerican. In Afghanastan attack Musharaf Government support America. This is big mistake by musharaf Government After support the Suicide Attack start in Pakistan.

All the American media hide the truth from innocent American peoples. Actually the main target of America and Israel are Muslim Countries one by one Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and now the next target is Yaman, Sham and all other Muslim Countries in American list.

Now through Drown Attack he is making more Taliban and anti American form Wazirastan (Pakistan).

Mumbai attacker Ajmal Kasab pleading BHAGWAN

2011-06-01T00:55:00.000+05:00

"Bhagwan mujhay maaf nahi karay ga". Is he even a muslim? Listen to his and Police officer's accent, they are same. KPK, GB, Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, this accent is NOT found in Pakistan, take my words.

if Pakistani are Taliban who are you Indians

2011-06-01T00:52:00.002+05:00

See the Real Face of Indian media, Pakistan have one case
and India have several cases but no international media
can see this what happening in india.

Signature Engine AIC Atomic ARP meta Engine

2011-05-30T15:25:00.001+05:00

1.1.1.1 Signature Engine

A signature engine is a part of the IPS that is designed to support many signatures in a specific category. Every engine has a set of factors that have acceptable ranges or sets of values.

IPS 6.0 consist of the following signature engines:

AIC (Application Inspection of Control) Engine that provides by analysis of web traffic. The AIC engine provides control over HTTP sessions to prevent harmful traffic of the HTTP protocol. It has the ability of administrative control over different software, such as instant messaging etc. AIC can also be used to inspect FTP (File Transfer Protocol) traffic and control the commands being issued.

There are two AIC engines:

F AIC FTP

F AIC HTTP

Atomic Engine these engines are now combined into two engines with more than one level selection. Layer 3 and Layer 4 attributes can also be combined within one signature, such as IP and TCP.

Atomic ARP Engine is used to inspects Layer 2 ARP protocol. The Atomic ARP engine is quite different because mostly engines are based on Layer 3 IP protocol. They inspect IP protocol packets and are associated Layer 4 transport protocols.This engine has an option to specify values to match for fields in the IP and Layer 4 headers.

Flood Engine Detects ICMP and UDP floods directed at specific users and networks.

There are two Flood engines:

F Flood Host

F Flood Net

Meta Engine is used to describe events that occur in a related manner within a certain time interval. This engine processes events and alerts instead of packets.

Multi String Engine is used to inspects Layer 4 transport protocols and data by matching several strings for one specific signature.

This engine inspects the following categorizes

F Stream based TCP

F single UDP

F ICMP packets

Normalizer Engine is used to configure how the IP and TCP normalizer operates and provides general configuration for signature events related to the IP and TCP normalizer. It has the ability to enforce RFC compliance.

Service Engine is used to deal with certain specific protocols. Service engine has the following protocol categorizes:

F DNS is used to inspects DNS (TCP and UDP) traffic.

F FTP is used for the inspection of FTP traffic.

F Generic has a function to decode custom service and payload.

F Generic Advanced Analyzes traffic flow based on the mini-applications that are written to check the packets.

F H225 is used for the inspection of VoIP traffic.

State Engine is designed for Stateful searches of strings in protocols such as SMTP.

The state engine consists of the hidden configuration document that is used to define the state transitions so new state definitions can be delivered in a upcoming or updated signature.

String Engine is used to search on Regex strings based on ICMP, TCP, or UDP protocol.

There are three different String engines:

F String ICMP

F String TCP

F String UDP.

Sweep Engine is used to analyze sweeps from a single host (ICMP and TCP), from destination ports (UDP and TCP).

Traffic Anomaly Engine is used for the inspection UDP, TCP, and other traffic for worms or viruses.

Traffic ICMP Engine is used to analyze protocols, such as DDOS. There are only two such type of signatures with configurable parameters.

Trojan Engine is used to analyze traffic from different protocols like UDP. Users are not able to configure these engines.

Signature Detection protect network against attacks

2011-05-30T15:22:00.001+05:00

1.1.1.1 Signature Detection

Protecting the network against known attacks.

Attackers often attack networks through tried and tested techniques from previously successful methods. These threats have been analyzed by network security engineers and a listed profile, or specific signature has been created. Signature detection methods examine network by looking for the threat’s fingerprint inside the network traffic and matching against an internal database of known attacks. Once an attack signature is determined, the security device delivers an attack response, mostly in a form of simple alarm or alert.

Success in preventing these threats depends on the minute database of attack signatures, compiled from previous records. The drawback to systems on signature detection is clear: they can only detect threats for which there is a defined signature. If signature detection methods are employed to protect networks, the network is protected against known attacks only.

1.1.1.2 Anomaly Detection

Protecting against unknown attacks.

Anomaly detection techniques are required when hackers find out new security weaknesses and run to develop the new weakness. After that there are no existing threat signatures. For example Code Red virus which could not be sensed through an existing signature. To identify these first strikes, IDS can use anomaly detection methods, in which network traffic is compared with a baseline to recognize irregular and harmful behavior. These anomaly methods are looking for numerical abnormalities in the data, as well as protocol doubts and application activity.

1.1.1.3 Denial of Service (DoS) Detection

Protecting against network and system overload.

DoS and Distributed DoS attacks deny legal users access to serious network services. Attackers achieve this by inducting attacks that consume network bandwidth or host processing cycles or other network resources. DoS attacks is causing some of the biggest brands to let down users and investors as Web sites became unreachable to users and partners sometimes for up to whole day. IDS manufactured goods often compare current traffic activities with adequate normal activity to detect DoS attacks, while normal traffic is distinguished by a set of pre-programmed entries. This can guide to false alarms being missed due to the attack traffic is below the threshold.

Why IDS/IPS should be used

2011-05-30T15:21:00.000+05:00

Why IDS/IPS should be used?

F It’s a fact that while every network has a firewall, most still have an effect on network security issues. IT professionals are conscious of the need for extra protective technologies, and network tools vendors are worried to fill in the gap.

F IPS have been endorsed as cost-effective ways to drop malicious activities, to become aware of worm and virus attacks, to be responsible as a network sensing point, to support in fulfillment requirements, and to act as a network disinfecting agent.

In network security firstly consider Firewall. Firewalls is considered as a first level of protection in a network security architecture, acting as an access control application by allowing specific protocols (like HTTP, DNS, SMTP) to pass through a set of source and destination addresses. Essential to access policy enforcement, firewalls usually examine data packet headers to make traffic flow decisions. Generally, they do not inspect the entire data inside the packet and can’t detect or prevent malicious code attached within normal traffic. Moreover routers also offer some basic protection through packet filtering processes.

Firewalls and router based packet filtering are important components of an overall network security; they both are insufficient on their own. Network IDS products inspect the entire data of every packet flowing through the network to detect malicious actions. This data inspection technique provides packet analysis as compared to a router or a firewall. IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems) are effective when malicious threats are embedded in familiar protocols, like an HTTP session, which is not detected by firewall. The processing power required for an Intrusion Detection System is higher, when compared to a firewall application. Networks have made IDS products essential devices as security professionals strive to detect, inspect, and protect networks against malicious activities. Consequently, IDS products are placed outside and inside firewalls and are quickly in best practice secure network implementations.

I get this topic from Thesis of

SECURING CONVERGED NETWORK, USING IDS/IPS

Binding Xrefs in Auto Cad

2011-05-25T13:38:00.002+05:00

Binding Xrefs

On occasion, you will want to permanently attach an Xref to the host drawing. If you send your drawing files to a printing service to be plotted, including a set of Xref files can complicate things. Also, for archiving finished work, it’s better to reduce the number of files. There may also be occasions when the Xref has been revised for the last time and no longer needs to be a separate file. In all these situations, you will use the Bind command to convert an external reference into a block that will be stored permanently in the host drawing.

Open the Xref Manager dialog box and highlight the Cabin12a Xref.
Click the Bind button to open the Bind Xrefs dialog box.

The two options in the Bind Type area have to do with how layers are treated when an Xref is bound to the host drawing. The default is Bind. It sets the Xref layers to be maintained as unique layers in the host drawing. With the Insert option, layers that have the same name in the two drawings will be combined into one layer. None of the layers in Cabin12a have the same name as any layers in Site12b. Let’s use the Insert option.
Change the Bind Type to Insert and click OK. The Xref disappears from the list of Xrefs.
Click OK. Your drawing looks unchanged.
Click the cabin, and then type li¿. The text window shows that the cabin is now a block reference.
Press F2 and click the Layer button on the Object Properties toolbar. The cabin’s layers have all become layers in the Site12b drawing and no longer have the Cabin12a| prefix.
Click OK, and then choose Insert Ø Block. In the Insert dialog box, open the Name drop-down list. Cabin12a is listed here as a block, along with the window and two door blocks that you created in. One or two additional blocks may be on the list. These blocks are used by the dimensions in the drawing.
Close the drop-down list by clicking a blank portion of the dialog box. Then click Cancel to return to your drawing. The cabin is now a permanent part of the Site12b drawing. If you need to make changes to the cabin part of the drawing, you can explode it and use the Modify commands to make those changes. Or, if you’re running AutoCAD, you can use the In-Place Xref and Block Edit tools that you used previously in modify the window block and, again in this chapter, to modify the roof lines and erase the front step.
Save this drawing as Site12c.

This has been a quick tour of the basic operations that are used to set up and control external references. There are more features and commands for working with Xrefs than I’ve covered here, but you now know enough to start working with them.

Other Features of Xrefs

What follows are a few additional operations and features that you may find useful when you delve more deeply into external references. Play around a little and see what you can do.

Externally referenced drawings can have drawings externally referenced to them. These are called nested Xrefs. There is no practical limit to the number of levels of nested Xrefs that a drawing can have.
You can’t explode an Xref, but you can detach it from the host. The

Detach command is a button on the Xref Manager dialog box.

Large, complex drawings that are Xreferenced often have their insertion points coordinated in such a way that all Xrefs are attached at the 0,0 point of the host drawing. This helps keep drawings aligned properly. By default, any drawing that is Xreferenced into a host drawing uses 0,0 as its insertion point. But you can change the coordinates of the insertion point with the Base command. With the drawing you want to change current, type base¿ and enter the coordinates for the new insertion point.
You can limit which layers and, to some degree, which objects in a drawing are Xreferenced in the host drawing by using Indexing and Demand Loading.
A host drawing can be Xreferenced into the drawing that has been

Xreferenced into the host. This is called an overlay and is an option in the Attach Xref dialog box. Overlays ignore nested Xreferences.

If you freeze the layer that was current when an Xref was attached, the entire Xref is frozen. Turning off this same layer has no effect on the visibility of the Xref.
The Unload button in the External Reference dialog box lets you deactivate Xrefs without detaching them from the host file. They stay on the list of Xrefs and can be reloaded at any time with the Reload button. This can be useful when working with complex drawings that have many Xrefs.

Auto Cad Tip Applications for Xrefs

2011-05-25T13:33:00.003+05:00

Applications for Xrefs

There are many different uses for external references. I will describe two common applications to illustrate their range.

Let’s suppose you are working on a project as an interior designer and a subcontractor to the lead architect. The architect can give you a drawing of a floor plan that is still undergoing changes. You load this file onto your hard disk, in a specially designated folder, and then Xref it into your drawing as a background— a drawing to be used as a reference to draw over. You can now proceed to lay out furniture, partitions, and so on, while the architect is still refining the floor plan.

At an agreed-on time, the architect will give you a revised version of the floor plan. You will overwrite the one that you have on your computer with the latest version. You can then reload the Xref into your furniture layout drawing, and the newer version of the floor plan will now be the background. In this example, the lead architect might also be sending the same versions of the floor plan to the structural and mechanical engineers and the landscape architect, all of whom are working on the project and using the architect’s floor plan as an Xref in their respective host drawings

A single floor plan as an Xref to three subcontractors

Xrefs are often used when parts of a job are being done in an office where a network is in place. Suppose a project involves work on several buildings that are all on the same site. By using Xrefs, each building can be externally referenced to the site plan. This keeps the site plan drawing file from getting too large and allows the project work to be divided among different workstations, while the project manager can open the host site plan and keep track of progress on the whole project

Three buildings as Xrefs to a single site plan

These two applications for setting up Xrefs in relation to a host file are applicable to almost any profession or trade using AutoCAD.

Ambassadorship Exam Questions

2011-05-25T13:24:00.000+05:00

First Exam of Ambassadorship Duration: 45 Min

1. What are Managerial Activities? (3)

2. What does Ambassador mean? (2)

3. Please Define Reputation? (2)

4. Elaborate importance of listening with respect to interpersonal communication. (3)

5. Please calculate Three years fee for MD in Ukraine along-with cost of living. (3)

6. What are significant features of going for MD in Ukraine? How would you guide your applicant? Please elaborate in points. (5)

7. Where is Kabir Medical College? (2)

8. What do you understand from AR Mission Statement? (3)

9. What are the benefits of AGP Program for our potential Academic Growth Partners? (5)

10. Please draw Organogram of ARLC (2)

11. What academic products do we offer at ARLC Kinetic? (2)

12. Are you sure about success of our Academic Growth Partners? Please explain logically. (3)

13. How would you perform territory analysis while allocating a ARLC? (3)

14. What is our franchise process? (3)

15. What is cost of MCAT Composite Course? What margin do we offer our ARLC out of it? (3)

16. What are the benefits of AR Certificate upon completion of MCAT Preparatory Bands? (3)

17. Please list down essentials of telesales? (3)

18. Please list down CVI Points on your prospective ARLC? (10)

19. Write down SOP for Tutoring Procedure at ARLC. (6)

20. How would you approach your potential ARLC? (3)

21. What is the percentage of 15-64 years old in Pakistan? (2)

22. What is a franchise? Please draw the Chart illustrating the Roles of Franchisor & Franchisee. (3)

23. What is your opinion about your responsibilities of Ambassadorship? Please write down as how an Ambassador must conduct himself? (10)

24. How would you react to situation when you are unable to reply to a question pertaining to your Ambassadorship Responsibilities? (6)

25. How do you plan your career with Academic Resources? (3)

26. What is importance of ethics while doing business? How do you intend complying with our business ethics? (3)

27. Write down history of Academic Resources. Where is Prague by the way? (3)

28. Name AR Partner institutions. (6)

Taking Advantage of the Numeric Keypad

2011-05-24T18:25:00.000+05:00

Taking Advantage of the Numeric Keypad

Seeing that pressing the Enter key automatically advances the cell
pointer to a new cell in the next row down — conveniently getting you in
place for your next entry — I don’t see that you have any excuse for not
entering ranges of numerical entries from your keyboard’s numeric keypad.
(After all, your keypad does have an Enter key nearby even if it’s
embedded in the standard keyboard, as is the case on almost all laptops.)
When it comes to entering spreadsheet numbers with any speed,
using the number keys along the top row of the standard QWERTY keyboard
just doesn’t cut it.
Unfortunately, the numeric keypad on your computer is not really the
equivalent of the old adding machine’s 10-key number pad. On the computer
keyboard, the keypad mostly does double-duty with other keys
(cursor keys when the pad stands apart from the standard keyboard, and
other letter and punctuation keys when it’s embedded within the keyboard
itself).
As a result of this double functioning, you have to engage the numeric
keypad in Excel by pressing the Num Lock key before you can use the
pad to enter your spreadsheet numbers. This locks in the number function
and simultaneously locks out the secondary cursor or letter-key
function. (Excel lets you know when the number function is engaged by
displaying the NUM indicator on the status bar.)

3ds Max 2010 Graphite Modeling Tools

2011-05-24T01:31:00.000+05:00

How to Mesh Modeling AutoCAD 2010

2011-05-24T01:29:00.000+05:00

3D Modelling - Using the Extrude Command Autocad

2011-05-24T01:28:00.000+05:00

Video Tutorial Load Balance PCC Mikrotik

2011-05-22T14:20:00.001+05:00

Simple LoadBalancing 4 x WAN

2011-05-22T14:19:00.001+05:00

MikroTik roterOS Basic Configuration Korean

2011-05-22T14:14:00.001+05:00

Pakistani Currency Note 5000 Zardari Tex

2011-05-16T14:25:00.001+05:00

Zardar aik Azdaha Samp hay. Kha jay ga Ais Mulk ko aur ais Mulk ki Economy ko.

Education Financing System Training Presentation

2011-05-07T20:57:00.021+05:00

How to make a Book in InDesign? Designing

2011-05-07T18:55:00.003+05:00

Books

InDesign is ideally suited to working with longer documents, but longer documents are not ide ally worked upon as a single document. Rather, they are easier, faster, and more securely worked on by one or multiple compositors or designers as a series of documents connected via an InDesign Book file. A Book file, in InDesign parlance, is a connection between otherwise separate InDesign documents. That connection allows the multiple documents to be treated and managed as a single, cohesive document—a book—including page numbers that run sequentially from one to the next and the ability to preflight, print, and export to PDF all documents joined by the Book file as a single unit.

Begin a Book File

Create a new Book file by choosing File > New > Book. When prompted, specify the location and name of the INDB Book file. Typically, the Book file should be named after the project title, and saved in the same location as the documents that are or will be components of the project. When you click Save, the Book panel will appear (see Figure A).

As with the Layers panel, the major area of a Book panel is a list, in this case a list of documents. Add documents to the book by clicking the Add Documents plus button at the bottom, which will generate an Open-style Add Documents dialog. In Add Documents, browse to the InDesign documents you want to add to the book. Multiple documents may be added concurren tly using standard multiple selection modifier keys such as Cmd/Ctrl to select non-sequen tial files and Shift for sequential selections. Click Open and the selected document(s) will be added to the Book panel . Additional documents, including those in other folders or on other disks, can be added to the book the same way. The Book file, not their respective locations on disk, ties them together.

Although a Book file can only manage a single book, any given document may belong to any number of Book files. If any documents were created by earlier versions of InDesign, or are InDesign Interchange Format INX files, checking Automatic Document Conversion on the panel flyout menu will convert documents to CS3 format while adding them to the Book file. Remove documents from the book by highlighting them and clicking the Remove Document minus sign button. Save changes to the Book file by clicking the disklike icon at the bottom or choose Save Book or Save Book As from the Book panel flyout menu. To open a document that is part of a book, double-click the document in the list.

Page, Chapter, and Section Numbering

Upon adding documents to a book, the first thing you should notice is the document page numbers, which, unless you’ve specifically changed the section and nu mbering options in the individual documents, will be sequential—the numbers on the right in Figure 9.19. Each InDesign document, unless changed in the document’s Numbering & Sections Options, always begins numbering at page 1. Once booked, however, only the document first in the list begins with page number

1. Each successive document then begins numbering its pages where the previous left off. (Fig A-1)

If page numbers show on the document pages themselves, placed there with the Current Page Number special character marker on the page or master page, the page numbers will update to reflect what is shown in the Book panel. If documents, and thus page numbers, are not in the correct order, simply rearrange the documents in

the list by dragging and dropping. Page numbers will instantly resynchronize to match the new document order. They will also update to reflect any pages added to, or subtracted from, documents in the book. Fine control

over continuous or other page numbering begins with Book

Page Numbering Options, opened from the panel’s flyout menu (see Figure B).

In the Book Page Numbering Options dialog, Page Order offers a direct continuance of page numbering, continuing on the next odd, or next even, pages, and the option to insert blank pages to help with page number jumps to odd or even pages.

Turn off Automatically Update Page & Section Numbers to stop InDesign from automatically updating page and section numbers when documents page counts change or their order in the list is altered. With this option off, use the commands on the Update Numbering menu on the Book panel’s flyout menu to manually update page and section, chapter and paragraph, or all numbers when needed. The Document Numbering Options command on the panel menu controls page numbering and section options for a highlighted document. The Document Numbering Options dialog is nigh identical to the Numbering & Section Options dialog available on the Layout menu in any single document (see Figure C).

Automatic Page Numbering Continues numbering from the previous document in the book. If the selected document is the first, it will begin numbering from page 1, subject to the other options below.

Start Page Numbering At Choose this option and enter a number in the field to the right to begin numbering pages in the document at a certain point.

Section Prefix The Section Prefix field enables you to propend up to eight characters—letters and/or numbers—to section numbers. For instance, enter Part- here to create page numbering and TOC entries such as Part-X Page Y.

Style Choose the style for section numbers, either Arabic or upper- or lowercase Roman or alphabetic.

Section Marker Documents may be divided into multiple sections—for instance, in this book, there are sections for front matter pages, the TOC, the chapters, the glossary, and the index. Each section of a publication may be numbered or formatted differently, and the page number may also be prefixed with a section-specific bit of information like Section 1: Page 19. To insert a section marker in a text frame—say, in the folio beside the page number—place the Type tool cursor in the appropriate place in the text frame and choose Type > Insert Special Character > Markers > Section Marker. The section marker that appears will be specific to that section. What you enter in the Section Marker field is what appears as the section marker inserted into a text frame. For instance, to identify the glossary of a book, you may enter Glossary. When the section marker appears on the page, it will then display as Glossary in the folio, header, or wherever you’ve placed the marker. If the Include Prefix when Numbering Pages box is checked, it will also insert the section marker as part of automatic page numbers created using Type > Insert Special Character > Markers > Current Page Number.

Document Chapter Numbering Although a single document may contain several sections, it may only contain, or be, a single chapter. In this section, choose the format of chapter numbering, the chapter number for the current document, and whether to continue growing from, or mirror, the chapter number of the previous document in the book. The latter option is used to define two or more documents at being part of the same chapter. Chapter numbers are made visible on the page by inserting the Chapter Number text variable ( some other time I

Tables of Contents

Creating a table of contents for the document (or book) is far less involved than creating an index, as long as you practiced efficient composition by assigning paragraph styles to the elements that should be listed within the TOC. The basis for TOC generation is paragraph styles—in other words, any text assigned to this style or that style will be included or excluded based solely on its paragraph style. InDesign supports an unlimited number of

tables of contents. Thus, you can create the standard document TOC like the one at the front of this book, but you can also create per-chapter tables of contents, lists of figures or tables, alphabetized lists of topics, and just about anything else you can imagine (and manage with paragraph styles). Begin creating the table of contents by choosing Layout > Table of Contents, which opens the Table of Contents dialog (see Figure D). Click the More Options button to reveal the full depth of the dialog.

TOC Style All of the options incorporated into the Table of Contents dialog may be saved as a preset called a TOC style. After setting the options, click the Save Style button on the right and give the style a name. TOC styles can also be created and edited from Layout > Table of Contents Styles. If a style has been pre-created, it will appear in the TOC Style list; choose it, and all the below options will fill in with their style-defined values.

Title When the TOC is generated and placed, it will have a title as the first line of the story. By default, the title will be Contents, but it can be anything you like. Leaving the Title field blank removes the title from the generated TOC entirely, without leaving a blank carriage return where it would have been.

Style The paragraph style for formatting the TOC title.

Styles in Table of Contents This is the crux of creating a TOC. On the right, in the Other Styles list, are all the paragraph styles defined in the document. Click a style on the right to highlight it, then use the Add button to move it to the left, the Include Paragraph Styles list. You can also double-click an entry in either column to move it to the other. Each style included on the left will cause all text assigned to that style to be listed in the resulting TOC; styles not in the list will not have their dependent text referenced by the TOC. The order of styles in the Include list establishes the TOC hierarchy. In other words, the first listed style is the most important, highest level of the generated TOC, with the next appearing below it, the next below that, and so on. If you insert styles in the wrong order, drag them up or down in the list just as you reorder styles in the Paragraph or Character styles panels. But you must also change their Level value in the Style section below.(Figure E) shows an example of the Include Paragraph Styles list and the TOC it would generate.

Click to highlight a style in the Include Paragraph Styles to set its options below in the Style section. Each included style may have its own entry style, page number options, and so on.

Entry Style When the TOC is generated, the text for each entry level can have its own paragraph style. Unlike index styles, InDesign will not automatically created level-based paragraph styles. You’ll need to pre-create your TOC styles and then select them from the list for each Include Paragraph Style option. Alternatively, leave the default of [Same Style] to include the same style in the TOC as on the document pages.

Page Number Choose whether to place the page number before or after the entry text or to omit the page number entirely. With the Style field to the right, the page number can be given its own character style for customized formatting.

Between Entry and Number The separator character or characters to appear between the entry text and its number (or number and text, if the page number is placed before the text). The pop-up menu to the right offers many symbols, markers, and special characters. To create a leader dot separator, specify a tab (^t) in the field and then modify the paragraph style (outside of the Table of Contents dialog) to include a leader dot separator at that tab stop. The dropdown menu at the right allows assigning a character style to the separator itself, enabling any unique styling to be applied to just the separator.

Sort Entries in Alphabetical Order By default, and in most cases, TOC entries are sorted in order of appearance in the document. However, especially when creating documents for electronic distribution as PDFs, this option opens numerous other possible uses for the Table of Contents feature beyond creating a standard TOC. When InDesign generates a TOC, it creates hyperlinks connecting the TOC entries to the text they reference. Exporting to PDF preserves these hyperlinks, enabling a reader of such a PDF to click on the TOC entry and jump to the content. Thus, the option to sort entries alphabetically rather than logically opens the possibilities of creating vastly different lists such as lists of product names, personnel referenced in the document, or even a replacement for a standard index—without having to manually create index entries. The only significant limitation to using the Table of Contents functions in place of index and other features is that InDesign’s Table of Contents is dependent upon paragraph styles; it cannot create an entry from a character style or a specific word in the middle of a paragraph.

Level In a hierarchal TOC such as the one at the front of this book, entries from each successive style are considered inferior to their predecessors—Heading 1, for instance is superior to Heading 2, which is superior to Heading 3. The Level field defines that hierarchy. As each style is moved from the Other Styles list to the Include Paragraph Styles list, InDesign automatically assigns a successive level. If you have reordered the include list by dragging and dropping, you will also need to change the level for each affected style. Often successive TOC entries are indented as visual cues to the hierarchy. The Include list mimics the hierarchy by indenting styles in the list, giving you a visual representation of how the generated TOC may look. The Level field is nonexclusive, meaning that you are not required to have only a single level 1 or level 2 entry. If you have two or more equally important styles, they can all be set to the same level.

Create PDF Bookmarks Similar to the way each entry on the page itself will be hyperlinked to its content, InDesign can automatically generate PDF bookmarks, which are hidden until PDF export time. Adding these, and choosing to include bookmarks when exporting to PDF, creates something akin to Figure 9.38—a Bookmarks panel sidebar TOC-style list of topics that, when clicked in Acrobat or Adobe Reader, become hot links and jump the reader to the referenced content.

Replace Existing Table of Contents If you have previously generated and placed a TOC, this option will replace (not update) it. When using the Table of Contents to build separate styles of tables, you want this option unchecked.

Include Book Documents When generating a TOC for documents managed through an InDesign Book file, check this option to generate a single TOC that points to all instances of the included paragraph styles in all documents within the book.

Run-In By default, all TOC entries are given their own line, with a carriage return at the end. An alternate style is to use the run-in method that, like the same option within an index, only separated by top-level styles. All entries lower in the hierarchy than the top will be placed together in a paragraph (see Figure F).

Include Text on Hidden Layers Choose whether to include in the TOC text on hidden layers.

Numbered Paragraphs New to CS3, this option tells InDesign how to handle paragraphs that have been numbered through the List and Numbering functions. Note that InDesign does not recognize numbers that have been converted to standard text and will include them in the TOC regardless of this setting. The options are as follows:

Include Full Paragraph lists the text in the TOC exactly as it appears on the page, with all text automatic numbering intact. For example, the ninth table in a chapter whose number is defined within the paragraph Numbering options to include the prefix Table 9 and whose table caption is KDY Capital-Class Products will list in both the main story and the TOC as Table 9.9 KDY Capital-Class Products.

Include Numbers Only ignores the text in the paragraph and includes only the automatic number and any prefixes. For example, to include a TOC entry for Table 9.9 without the table’s caption, choose Include Numbers Only.

Exclude Numbers includes in the TOC the text of the paragraph but not the automatic number. The TOC output using the above example would therefore be simply KDY Capital- Class Products. Click OK to return to the document with a loaded cursor ready to place the TOC story, which may be placed and flowed like any story. If any stories in the document contain overset text assigned to the included styles, you will be prompted after clicking OK whether to include those instances in the TOC. Unlike an index, tables of contents don’t have their own panel. Also unlike an index, you needn’t go through the entire generate process to update a TOC. Instead, select a text frame holding the TOC style, and choose Layout ➢Update Table of Contents. Shortly, an alert dialog will inform you that the table of contents has been updated successfully. When creating a comprehensive TOC for book documents, it’s often better to place the TOC into its own self-contained document and to add that document to the Book panel.

The Bottom Line

Interact with Documents Visually, Change Zoom Level, View Modes, and Display Performance

InDesign provides numerous means of changing the way you interact with documents, how fast they move, how you see them, and what you see.

Master It Open any InDesign document containing text and images on the same page. Open three different views of the same document, arranged simultaneously onscreen, zooming all to fit the page within the document window, and compare the views according to the following options:

View 1: Preview mode with High-Quality Display display performance.

View 2: Layout mode with Fast Display display performance.

View 3: Bleed mode with Typical Display display performance.

Build and Manage Grids and Guides The foundation of any well-laid-out document is a well thought- out grid.

Master It Create a new document and build a grid on the master page consisting of six equal columns and three equal rows within the page margins. Once that’s done, apportion the top row into three equal sections.

Create and Manage Book Files Often one person finds it easier to work on longer documents by breaking them up into chapters or sections and connecting them via a Book file. For workgroups wherein different people are responsible for different sections of the document, a Book file is essential to productivity.

Master It Working alone or in a group, create at least three InDesign documents of several pages of text each. Save each document, and then create a Book file to connect the documents. Finally, create a single PDF from the entire book.

Index Terms and Create an Index An index helps readers find content. From simple keyword lists to complex, multilevel, topic-driven indices, InDesign handles them all, marrying index entries to referenced text through index markers.

Master It Open or create an InDesign document containing a story of at least three pages in length. Working through the document, create index entries and cross-references for at least 10 words, one of which should be a word that repeats numerous times throughout the story (use a common word such as the if needed). Once the terms are indexed, generate and place the index story on a new page.

Create Tables of Contents Tables of contents direct readers in logical or virtually any order to content, and InDesign’s TOC options are varied and powerful for myriad uses.

Master It Open or quickly create a rudimentary book-style document containing body text and several heading paragraphs utilizing at least two levels of headings. Create and assign paragraph styles for the body text and headings. Using what you’ve learned in this chapter, generate and place a hierarchal TOC.

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2011-05-07T05:18:00.000+05:00

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Top 10 Famous Con Men

2011-05-06T01:23:00.000+05:00

A con man is a person who intentionally misleads another person, usually for personal financial gain. In recent history there have been a number of con men who have really stood out for either the wealth they amassed, or the ease with which they tricked people. This is a list of 10 of the most famous con men in recent history.

1. Frank Abagnale [Born: 1948]
Webabagnale
Frank Abagnale is a former cheque con artist, forger and imposter who, for five years in the 1960s, passed bad cheques worth more than $2.5 million in 26 countries. The recent blockbuster film Catch Me If You Can is based on his life. His first experience of fraud was as a youth when he used his father’s Mobil card to buy car parts that he would then sell back to the gas station for a lower price. He did not realise that his father was the one who had to foot the bill and when he was eventually confronted with the fraud, his mother sent him for four months to a juvenile correction facility.
After moving to New York, Frank lived solely on the income of his fraudulent activities. One of his most famous tricks was to print his own account number on fake bank deposit slips so that when clients of the bank deposited money, it would actually go in to his account. By the time the banks realised what had happened, Frank had taken $40,000 and run.
For two years, Abagnale travelled around the world free by masquerading as a Pan Am pilot. He was able to abuse the professional courtesy of other airlines to provide free transport for competing airline pilots if they had to move to another city at short notice. When he was nearly caught leaving a plane, he changed his masquerade to that of a Doctor. He worked as a medical supervisor for 11 months without detection. At other times he worked as a lawyer and a teacher.
He was eventually caught in France and spent six months in prison there. After that he was extradited to Sweden and imprisoned for a further six months. After a successful escape whilst travelling to the United States, he was finally given 12 years in Prison. He escaped from his prison by masquerading as an undercover officer of the Bureau of Prisons. He was once again captured in New York City and returned to jail. After serving only five years of his sentence, the US Federal Government offered him his freedom in return for helping the government against fraud and scam artists without pay.
He currently runs Abagnale and Associates, a financial fraud consultancy company and is a multi-millionaire.

2. Charles Ponzi [Born: 1882; Died: 1949]
Charles Ponzi
Ponzi, an Italian immigrant to the United States became one of the most famous con men in American history. While many people do not know the name Ponzi, the Ponzi Scheme is extremely well known and continues today in Internet Make Money Fast schemes. His early life is not entirely known as he was prone to fabricate stories about it. What is known is that he spent a short amount of time at University in Rome and, after dropping out, caught a boat to Boston, USA where he arrived with $2.50 in his pocket.
His early years in the United States were troublesome. He began working at a restaurant but was soon fired for playing tricks with the bills and shortchanging customers. His next job was working in a bank in Canada that catered to Italian immigrants. His knowledge of numbers helped him to do very well there. Unfortunately it turned out that the owner of the bank was stealing money from newly opened savings accounts to pay the interest on the interest bearing accounts and to cover bad investments. The bank owner eventually fled to Mexico and left Ponzi without a job. After writing a fraudulent cheque and spending a number of years in prison, Ponzi determined to become wealthy at any cost.
Once he had settled in to life on the outside, he discovered postal reply coupons through a letter that was sent to him from abroad. He realised that he could buy foreign coupons at massively devalued prices (because of price fixing after the war) and then resell them in the United States for a 400% profit. This was a form of arbitrage and it was legal. Ponzi began canvasses friends and acquaintances for money – promising them a 50% return or a doubling of their money in 90 days. He started his own company, the Securities Exchange Company, to promote the scheme.
The word of this great investment quickly spread and before long Ponzi was living in a luxurious mansion. He was bringing in cash at a fantastic rate, but the simplest financial analysis showed that he wasn’t making money, he was losing it rapidly. For every dollar he took in, he went more deeply into debt. As long as money kept flowing in, Ponzi would stay ahead of the eventual collapse.
People soon began to become suspicious and the press were starting to publish negative articles about him. Inevitably people were starting to demand their money. Shortly after, federal agents raided his office and shut it down. No stock of stamps was found and everyone that had invested their money with Ponzi lost every penny. It is probably that he lost tens of millions of dollars. Ponzi plead guilty of mail fraud and was sent to prison. After one escape he was returned to jail to complete his sentence. He was eventually deported back to Italy and he died there in poverty in 1949.

3. Joseph Weil [Born: 1877; Died: 1975]
Joe Weil
Joseph “Yellow Kid” Weil was one of the most famous con men in his era. Over the course of his career he is believed to have stolen over 8 million dollars. In his first job as a collector, he realized that his co-workers were collecting their debts but keeping a little part of the money for themselves. Weil started a protection racket – offering not to report their activities in return for a small portion of what they were taking.
He also used phony oil deals, women, fixed races, and an endless list of other tricks to steal from an increasingly gullible public. He could change his persona daily to further his gains: one day he was Dr. Henri Reuel, a noted geologist who travelled around and told his hosts that he was a representative for a big oil company while draining them of the cash they gave him to “invest in fuel.” The next day he was director of the Elysium Development Company, promising land to innocent believers while robbing them in recording and abstract fees. Or he was a chemist par excellence, who had discovered how to copy dollar bills; promising to increase your fortune, he would multiply your bill’s then take the booty once the police arrived.
In his autobiography, Weil writes:

“The desire to get something for nothing has been very costly to many people who have dealt with me and with other con men,” Weil writes. “But I have found that this is the way it works. The average person, in my estimation, is ninety-nine per cent animal and one per cent human. The ninety-nine per cent that is animal causes very little trouble. But the one per cent that is human causes all our woes. When people learn — as I doubt they will — that they can’t get something for nothing, crime will diminish and we shall live in greater harmony.”

4. Victor Lustig [Born: 1890; Died: 1947]
Victor Lustig
Victor Lustig was renowned as the Man who Sold the Eiffel Tower. He was born in Bohemia but later moved to Paris where he was able to con people on his frequent journeys between Paris and New York. His first con was to show people a device that could print $100 bills. The only problem, he would tell them, is that it only prints one bill every six hours. Many people paid him enormous amounts of money (usually over $30,000) for the device. In fact, the device contained two real hidden $100 bills – once they were spat out by the machine it would produce only blank paper. By the time the buyers discovered this, Lustig was well gone with their money.
In 1925, as France was recovering from the war, the upkeep of the Eiffel tower was an almost unbearable expense for the city of Paris. When Lustig read about this in a paper, he came up with his most brilliant idea. After forging government credentials, he invited six scrap metal dealers to a secret meeting in a hotel. He explained that the City could not afford to keep the tower and that they had to sell it for scrap. He told them the secrecy of the meeting and all future dealings was due to the fact that the public may become distressed at the idea of the removal of the tower.
While it seems implausible, at the time the tower was built it was meant to be temporary and this happened just 18 years after the original date for removal of the tower. Lustig took the dealers in a limousine to tour the tower. One of the dealers, Andre Poisson was convinced that the tale was legitimate and he handed over the money. When he realised he had been conned, he was too embarrassed to tell the police and Lustig escaped with the money. One month later, he returned to Paris to try the whole scam again. This time it was reported to the police but Lustig managed to escape.
At one point, Lustig convinced Al Capone to invest $50,000 with him. He stored the money in a vault and returned it two months later, stating that the deal had fallen through. Capone, so impressed by Lustig’s honesty gave him $5,000 for his effort. In 1934, Lustig was found guilty of counterfeiting. He plead guilty and was sentenced to 20 years in Alcatraz. In 1947 he died of pneumonia whilst in jail in Springfield, Missouri.

5. George Parker [Born: 1870; Died: 1936]
Unknown
Parker was one of the most audacious con men in American history. He made his living selling New York’s public landmarks to unwary tourists. His favorite object for sale was the Brooklyn Bridge, which he sold twice a week for years. He convinced his marks that they could make a fortune by controlling access to the roadway. More than once police had to remove naive buyers from the bridge as they tried to erect toll barriers.
Other public landmarks he sold included the original Madison Square Garden, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Grant’s Tomb, and the Statue of Liberty. George had many different methods for making his sales. When he sold Grant’s Tomb, he would often pose as the general’s grandson. He even set up a fake “office” to handle his real estate swindles. He produced impressive forged documents to prove that he was the legal owner of whatever property he was selling.
Parker was convicted of fraud three times. After his third conviction on December 17th, 1928 he was sentenced to a life term at Sing Sing Prison. He spent the last eight years of his life behind bars. He was popular among guards and fellow inmates who enjoyed hearing of his exploits. George is remembered as one of the most successful con men in the history of the United States, as well as one of history’s most talented hoaxers. His exploits have passed into popular culture, giving rise to phrases such as “and if you believe that, I have a bridge to sell you”, a popular way of expressing a belief that someone is gullible.

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6. Soapy Smith [Born: 1860; Died: 1898]
Soapy Smith 1898
Soapy Smith (born Jefferson Randolph Smith) was an American con artist and gangster who had a major hand in the organized criminal operations of Denver, Colorado, Creede, Colorado, and Skagway, Alaska from 1879 to 1898. He is perhaps the most famous “sure-thing” bunko man of the old west. Some time in the late 1870s or early 1880s, Smith began duping entire crowds with a ploy the Denver newspapers dubbed The Prize Package Soap Sell Swindle.
Jefferson would open his “tripe and keister” (display case on a tripod) on a busy street corner. Piling ordinary soap cakes onto the keister top, he would describe their wonders. As he spoke to the growing crowd of curious onlookers, he would pull out his wallet and begin wrapping paper money ranging from one dollar up to one hundred dollars, around a select few of the bars. He then finished each bar by wrapping plain paper around it to hide the money. He mixed the money-wrapped packages in with wrapped bars containing no money. He then sold the soap to the crowd for a dollar a cake.
A shill planted in the crowd would buy a bar, tear it open it, and loudly proclaim that he had won some money, waving it around for all to see. This performance had the desired effect of enticing the sale of the packages. More often than not, victims bought several bars before the sale was completed. Midway through the sale, Smith would announce that the hundred-dollar bill still remained in the pile, unpurchased. He then would auction off the remaining soap bars to the highest bidders.
Through the masterful art of manipulation and sleight-of-hand, the cakes of soap wrapped with money were hidden and replaced with packages holding no cash. It was assured that the only money “won” went to members of what became known as the “Soap Gang.” Soapy was eventually shot to death by a group he swindled in a card game.

7. Eduardo de Valfierno
Valfierno
Eduardo de Valfierno, who referred to himself as Marqués (marquis), was an Argentine con man who allegedly masterminded the theft of the Mona Lisa. Valfierno paid several men to steal the work of art from the Louvre, including museum employee Vincenzo Peruggia. On August 21, 1911 Peruggia hid the Mona Lisa under his coat and simply walked out the door.
Before the heist took place, Valfierno commissioned French art restorer and forger Yves Chaudron to make six copies of the Mona Lisa. The forgeries were then shipped to various parts of the world, readying them for the buyers he had lined up. Valfierno knew once the Mona Lisa was stolen it would be harder to smuggle copies past customs. After the heist the copies were delivered to their buyers, each thinking they had the original which had just been stolen for them. Because Valfierno just wanted to sell forgeries, he only needed the original Mona Lisa to disappear and never contacted Peruggia again after the crime. Eventually Peruggia was caught trying to sell the painting and it was returned to the Louvre in 1913.

8. James Hogue [Born: 1959]
Hogue.Mug
Hogue is a US impostor who most famously entered Princeton University by posing as a self-taught orphan. In 1986 Hogue enrolled in a Palo Alto High School as Jay Mitchell Huntsman, a 16-year-old orphan from Nevada. He had adopted the identity of a dead infant. A suspicious local reporter exposed him. In 1988 Hogue enrolled at Princeton University using the alias Alexi Indris Santana, a self-taught orphan from Utah. He deferred admission for one year because he had been convicted of the theft of bicycle frames in Utah. Hogue claimed in his application materials that he had slept outside in the Grand Canyon, raising sheep and reading philosophers. He violated his parole to enter class. For the next two years he lived as Santana and as a member of the track team. He was also admitted into the Ivy Club.
In 1991 Hogue’s real identity was exposed when Renee Pacheco, a student from the Palo Alto High School, recognized him. He was arrested for defrauding the university for $30,000 in financial aid and sentenced to three years in jail with 5 years probation and 100 hours of community service.
On May 16, 1993 Hogue made headlines again through his association with Harvard University. Having lied about his identity again, he was able to take a job as a security guard in one of Harvard’s on campus museums. A few months into his tenure, museum officials noticed that several gemstones on exhibit had been replaced with inexpensive fakes. Somerville police seized Hogue in his home and charged him with grand larceny to the tune of $50,000.
On March 12, 2007 Hogue pleaded guilty to a single felony count of theft of more than $15,000 in exchange for a prison sentence not to exceed 10 years, and prosecutors’ agreement to drop other theft and habitual criminal charges.

9. Robert Hendy-Freegard [Born: 1971]
40658668 Hendyfreegard300
Robert Hendy-Freegard is a British barman, car salesman, conman and impostor who masqueraded as an MI5 agent and fooled several people to go underground for fear of IRA assassination. He met his victims on social occasions or as customers in the pub or car dealership where he was working. He would reveal his “role” as an undercover agent for MI5, Special Branch or Scotland Yard working against the IRA. He would win them over, ask for money and make them do his bidding. He demanded that they cut off contact with family and friends, go through “loyalty tests” and live alone in poor conditions. He seduced five women, claiming that he wanted to marry them. Initially some of the victims refused to co-operate with the police because he had warned them that police would be double agents or MI5 agents performing another “loyalty test”.
Hendy-Freegard also seduced a newly married personal assistant who was taking care of his children. He told her he was with MI5 and forced her to cut contact with friends and family lest the IRA would kill her. He also took naked pictures of her and threatened to give them to her husband if she would not cooperate. She had to change her name and tell the deed poll officer it was because she was sexually abused as a child. Her loyalty tests included sleeping in Heathrow airport and on park benches for several nights and pretending to be a Jehovah’s Witness so that his bosses in MI5 would let them marry.
In 2002 Scotland Yard and the FBI organized a sting operation. First, the FBI bugged the phone of the American psychologist’s parents. Her mother told Hendy-Freegard she would hand over £10,000 but only in person. Hendy-Freegard met the mother in Heathrow airport where police apprehended him. He denied all charges and claimed they were part of a conspiracy against him and continued this story in the subsequent trial. On June 23, 2005, after an eight month trial, Blackfriars Crown Court convicted Robert Hendy-Freegard for two counts of kidnapping, 10 of theft and 8 of deception. On September 6, 2005 he was given a life sentence. Police doubt that they have discovered all the victims. On April 25, 2007, the BBC reported that Robert Hendy-Freegard had appealed against his kidnapping convictions and won. This means that the life sentence is revoked but he will still serve nine years for the other offences. He could be free by the end of 2007.

10. Bernard Cornfeld [Born: 1927; Died: 1995]
220Px-Cornfeld
Bernard Cornfeld was a prominent businessman and international financier who sold investments in US mutual funds. He was born in Turkey. When he moved to the US, he first worked as a social worker but became a mutual fund salesman in the 1950s. Although he suffered from a stammer, he had a natural gift for selling and when a schoolfriend’s father died, the two of them used the $3,000 insurance money to purchase and run an age and weight guessing stand at the Coney Island funfair.
In the 1960s, Cornfeld formed his own mutual fund selling company, Investors Overseas Services (IOS), which he incorporated outside the US with funds in Canada and headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Although the headquarters were offcially in Geneva, the main operational offices of IOS were in Ferney-Voltaire, France, a short drive from the Swiss border to Geneva—this was simply a means of avoiding the problems of obtaining Swiss work-permits for the many employees. During the next ten years, IOS raised in excess of $2.5 billion, bringing Cornfeld a personal fortune of more than $100 million. Cornfeld himself became known for conspicuous consumption with lavish parties. Socially, he was generous and jovial.
A group of 300 IOS employees complained to the Swiss authorities that Cornfeld and his co-founders pocketed part of the proceeds of a share issue raised among employees in 1969. Consequently he was charged with fraud in 1973 by the Swiss authorities. When Cornfeld visited Geneva, Swiss authorities arrested him. He served 11 months in a Swiss jail before being freed on a bail surety of $600,000. He returned to Beverly Hills, living less ostentatiously than in his previous years. He developed an obsession for health foods and vitamins, renounced red meat and seldom drank alcohol. He suffered a stroke and died of a cerebral aneurysm on 27th February 1995 in London, England.

Control the Control Panel of XP by Files

2011-04-21T15:43:00.004+05:00

Control Panel applets and their filenames
Applet	Filename
System Properties	sysdm.cpl
Display Properties	desk.cpl
Network Connections	ncpa.cpl
Accessibility Options	access.cpl
Add or Remove Programs	appwiz.cpl
Add Hardware Wizard	hdwwiz.cpl
Internet Properties	Inetcpl.cpl
Region and Language Options	intl.cpl
Game Controllers	joy.cpl
Mouse Properties	main.cpl
Sound and Audio Devices	mmsys.cpl
User Accounts	nusrmgr.cpl
ODBC Data Source Administrator	odbccp32.cpl
Power Options Properties	Powercfg.cpl
Phone and Modem Options	telephon.cpl
Time and Date Properties	timedate.cpl
Speech Properties	sapi.cpl

How to run the Direct Applet of any control panel item
step 1 Click on Start
Step 2 Click on Run
Step 3 Type any file name i.e sysdm.cpl
pres enter

How to XP's DNS Cache Settings MCSE

2011-04-21T15:42:00.001+05:00

Adjust XP's DNS Cache Settings

As a way of speeding up DNS, when you visit a site XP puts the DNS information into a local DNS cache on your PC. So, when you want to go to a site, XP first looks in its local DNS cache, called the resolve cache, to see whether the DNS information is contained there. That way, if it finds the information locally, it doesn't have to query a remote DNS server to find IP information. The cache is made up of recently queried names and entries taken from your HOSTS file.

The cache contains both negative and positive entries. Positive entries are those in which the DNS lookup succeeded, and you were able to connect to the web site. When XP looks in the cache, if it finds a positive entry it immediately uses that DNS information and sends you to the requested web site.

Negative entries are those in which no match was found, and you end up getting a "Cannot find server or DNS" error in your browser. Similarly, when XP looks in the cache and finds a negative entry, it gives you the error message without bothering to go out to the site.

Negative entries can lead to problems. When you try to make a connection to a site that has a negative entry in your cache, you'll get an error message, even if the site's problems have been resolved and it's now reachable.

You can solve this problem, though, using a Registry hack. By default, XP caches negative entries for five minutes. After five minutes, they're cleared from your cache. But if you'd like, you can force XP not to cache these negative entries so that you'll never run into this problem. Run the Registry Editor and go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters. Create a new DWORD value with the name NegativeCacheTime and give it a value of 0. (The value might already exist. If it does, edit its value to 0.) The DWORD determines how much time, in seconds, to keep negative entries in the DNS cache. If you like, you can have the entries stay alive for one second by giving the DWORD a value of 1.

Speed Up Web Access with DNS Hosts File

2011-04-21T15:41:00.001+05:00

Speed Up Web Access with a HOSTS File

It takes time to send your request to a DNS server, have the server look up the proper IP address to resolve the name, and then send the IP address back to your PC. You can eliminate that delay by creating or editing a local HOSTS file on your own PC that contains hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses. When you create a HOSTS file, XP will first look in that to see if there's an entry for the hostname, and if it finds it, it will resolve the address itself. That way, you won't have to go out to a DNS server and wait for the response before visiting a web site. The HOSTS file is a plain-text file you can create or edit with a text editor like Notepad.

You'll find an existing HOSTS file in C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\Etc\HOSTS (in Windows XP Professional, it's located in C:\Winnt\System32\Drivers\HOSTS). The file has no extension; it is named only HOSTS. Open it in Notepad and enter the IP addresses and hostnames of your commonly visited web sites, like this:

208.201.239.37       oreilly.com
216.92131.107        simtel.net

Each entry in the file should be on one line. The IP address should be in the first column, and the corresponding hostname in the next column. At least one space should separate the two columns. You can add comments to the file by preceding the line with a #, in which case the entire line will be ignored by the file, or by putting a # after the hostname, in which case only the comment after will be ignored. You might want to comment on individual entriesfor example:

130.94.155.164              gralla.com    #still in beta

Concept and Accounting Policies ACCA B.com

2011-04-20T14:15:00.001+05:00

KEY CONCEPT AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

To ensure the matching of expenditure against appropriations, the cash basis of accounting has been modified to recognize some items of expenditure on a commitment basis.

Commitments are used to control large and non-regular expenditures against appropriation and need not be recorded for immaterial expenditure of recurring nature. Commitments will be accounted for on a memorandum basis.

The following criteria shall be applied when determining and recognizing a commitment.

· a valid purchase order is raised and where applicable, a purchase contract (legal undertaking or legally binding) has been entered with the supplier. The amounts involved should be clearly mentioned in the purchase order / contract.

· the officer in accordance with the Delegation of Finance Powers (who shall deemed to be the approving officer) has authorized the commitment.

· the amount involved (expenditure) is above Rs. 100,00 or 10% of total budget head, whichever is higher.

Old Sys Vs New Accounting Basis of Accounting

2011-04-20T14:13:00.001+05:00

OLD SYSTEM VS NEW ACCOUNTING MODEL

Basis of Accounting

§ Cash basis of Accounting

§ Receipts are recorded on the basis of actual collections

§ Expenses are recorded when the payment is made

§ Uses mainly single entry bookkeeping

§ Modified Cash Basis of Accounting

§ Receipts are recorded on the basis of actual collections

§ Expenses are recorded when the payment is made PLUS

§ Commitments are recorded

§ Fixed Assets Register is maintained

Financial Reporting

§ Current reporting does not incorporate principles of

§ Current reporting shall incorporate these principles of

§ Quality

§ accuracy

§ validity

§ completeness

§ comparability

§ timeliness

§ Quality

§ accuracy

§ validity

§ completeness

§ comparability

§ Timeliness

Financial Reporting

§ Expense and revenue figures were not reported “By Object”

§ No Programs and Projects

§ Fixed Assets were not reported separately

§ Disclosures relating to National Debt were inadequate

§ Comparison to budget wise limited and not meaningful

§ AG/AGPR/CGA to provide quality and timely information

§ AG/AGPR/CGA will provide FD/Departments information that is useful for the purposes of preparing Annual Budget Statements (ABS) and for monitoring performance against budgets

§ AG/AGPR/CGA will give country’s “Financial Management” information to assist in their financial management

Why the PIFRA Launched Financial Reporting

2011-04-20T14:12:00.000+05:00

PROJECT FOR IMPROVEMENT OF FINANCIAL

REPORTING AND AUDIT

Why the PIFRA Launched:

The Donor Agencies like World Bank (WB) and International Monitory Fund (IMF) wishes to know that whether the loans given in any country has been utilized properly or not and that whether they will bring fruits as it was expected. Due to the old and manual system of accounting 1994 the Government of Pakistan (GOP) failed to provide the correct accounts to the Donor Agencies which was noticed by them and required to improve the system of Accounting Audit and Financial Reporting.

On the instructions of the Donors the Government of Pakistan is bringing many reforms such as Judicial Reforms and Financial Reforms. PIFRA is a part of the Financial Reforms.

BACKGROUND

· This Project was Launched in 1996 with the collocation of IDA Assistance (World Bank) for the Improvement of Core Financial Information Systems in the GOP.

· Its total Funding US$ 37.174 million (IDA US$ 28.8 Million) and the rest Rs. (37.174-28.800 = 8.374 Million) is being contributed by Government of Pakistan (GOP).

COMPONENTS PIFRA

The main components of PIFRA Project are as under:-

· Government Accounting and Financial Reporting (GAFR)

· Change management & Human Resource

· Training

· Auditing

· Administration

· Other Policy Support

OBJECTIVES OF PIFRA

Following are the main objectives of PIFRA: -

· Adopt and implement best business practices

· Modernize Government Audit procedures

· Adoption of Internationally accepted Accounting and Auditing standards

· Improved Financial Accounting and Information systems

· Tighter internal controls

· Build staff capabilities

COURSE APPLICABLE TO

· Centralized Accounting Entities

· Self Accounting Entities

· Exempt Accounting Entities

(a) Centralized Accounting Entities

A centralized accounting entity is any accounting entity for whom the Accountant General has primary responsibility for the transaction processing, recording and reporting functions of that entity. At no stage does this arrangement absolve the Principal Accounting Officer of his/her responsibilities for financial management.

(b) Self Accounting Entities

A self-accounting entity is any accounting entity for whom the Principal Accounting Officer has primary responsibility for the accounting and reporting functions.

(C) Exempt Accounting Entities

These include independent entities and commercial undertakings and entities established under a state resolution or a notification of the Government or under Companies Ordinance, but placed administratively under a Ministry of Division for the purpose of accountability.

Account Abbreviations ACCA B.com ICOM dcom

2011-04-19T16:59:00.001+05:00

ABBREVIATIONS

NAM	New Accounting Model
PIFRA	Project for Improvement of Financial Reporting and Auditing
FABS	Financial and Budgeting System
FAA	Financial Administration and Accounting
AGP	Auditor General of Pakistan
AGPR	Accountant General of Pakistan Revenues
APPM	Accounting Policies and procedures Manual
CBR	Central Board of Revenue
CG	Comptroller General
CMA	Consolidated Monthly Accounts
COA	Chart of Accounts
CQA	Chart of Accounts
DAO	District Accounts Office / Officer
DDO	Drawing and Disbursing Officer
DGPR	Director General Pakistan Revenues
EAD	Economic Affairs Division
FRM	Financial Reporting Manual
IAS	International Accounting Standards
GAAP	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GPS	Government Financial Statistics
GOP	Government of Pakistan
MAP	Manual of Accounting Principles
MDB	Main Designated Branch
MDMBS	Monthly Designated Main Branch Statement
MOF	Ministry of Finance
NBP	National Bank of Pakistan
NIS	New items statement
PAO	Principal Accounting Officer
PAC	Public Accounts committee
PAD	Pakistan Audit Department
SAE	Schedule of Authorized Expenditure
SE	Self-Accounting Entity
SBP	State Bank of Pakistan

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Control the Control Panel of XP by Files

Control Panel applets and their filenames

How to XP's DNS Cache Settings MCSE

Adjust XP's DNS Cache Settings

Speed Up Web Access with DNS Hosts File

Speed Up Web Access with a HOSTS File

Concept and Accounting Policies ACCA B.com

Old Sys Vs New Accounting Basis of Accounting

Why the PIFRA Launched Financial Reporting

Account Abbreviations ACCA B.com ICOM dcom